Edere nke Ntugharị Akara A Na-enyere Anyị Aka Ịzụlite Ọrịa Ugbo
Ịghọta usoro ndụ nke nje HIV mere ka o kwe omume ịzụlite ọgwụ ndị anyị ji eji agwọ ọrịa ahụ. Ọ na-enye anyị ohere ịmata otú nje ahụ si eme onwe ya, nke n'aka nkea na-enye anyị ohere ịmepe ụzọ iji gbochie (ma ọ bụ mechie) usoro ahụ.
A na-ekeji ndụ ndụ HIV na nkebi isii, site na mgbakwunye nke nje ahụ gaa n'ụlọ ndị ọbịa iji budata nje nje HIV ndị na -anaghị enye n'efu (nke e sere ).
Gbara Ọgwụ Gbasara
Ozugbo nje HIV na-abanye n'ime ahụ (ọ bụ site na mmekorita nwoke na nwanyi, ikpughe ọbara, ma ọ bụ inye nne na nwa), ọ na-achọ ụlọ mkpọrọ nke nwere ike ịmụta nwa. Onye nabatara okwu ahụ bụ T4 cell CD4 nke na- eji ihe mgbaàmà na-egbochi ya.
Iji bido cell ahụ, ọ ghaghị itinye onwe ya site na usoro usoro mkpọchi-na-kay. Igodo bụ ndị na-edozi ahụ n'elu HIV nke na-etinye aka na protein dị na CD4 cell ọtụtụ ụzọ nke isi na-adaba n'ime mkpọchi. Nke a bụ ihe a maara dịka mgbakwunye nje .
Ihe mgbakwunye nje gọọmenti egbochiri site na ntinye inhibitor-class drug called Selzentry (maraviroc) .
Idochi na ikpuchi
Ozugbo ejikọtara ya na cell, nje HIV na-eme ka ndị na-edozi protein nke onwe ya banye na mmiri cell (cytoplasm) nke T-cell. Nke a na - eme ka akpụkpọ anụ ahụ dị na envelopu nke HIV. Nke a bụ ọhụụ mara dị ka mmetọ fusion .Nke a na - ejide, nje nwere ike ịbanye na cell.
Otu ọgwụ a na-akpọ ọgwụ na-akpọ Fuzeon (enfurvitide) nwere ike igbochi mmerụ ahụ.
Gaa Gaa na Uncoating
Ọrịa nje HIV na-eji ihe ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ (RNA) mee ihe site na ịmalite mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ nke cell cell. Na ime nke a, o nwere ike iwepụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ n'onwe ya. Usoro ahụ, nke a na-akpọ ọrịa ịrịa ọrịa , chọrọ ka mkpuchi nchedo gbara gburugburu RNA ga-agbaze. Na-enweghị nzọụkwụ a, ntụgharị nke RNA ka DNA (ogidi ụlọ maka nje ọhụrụ) enweghị ike ime.
Transcript na Translation
N'otu oge na cell, a ghaghị ịgbanwere RNA nke nwere nje HIV na DNA abụọ. Ọ na-eme nke a site n'enyemaka nke enzyme a na-akpọ reverse transcriptase .
Transcriptase na-eme ihe iji mpempe akwụkwọ site na T-cell iji dee akwụkwọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe dị na ya: site na RNA na DNA. Ozugbo DNA gbanwee, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahụ nwere ihe nzuzo dị mkpa iji mee ka mmeghachi ahụ malitere ịrịa.
Ọgwụ ọjọọ a na-akpọ ndị na-emegharị transcriptase transversase nwere ike igbochi usoro a kpamkpam. Ụdị ọgwụ atọ, ndị na-emechi transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide transcriptase inhibitors (NTRTIs) na ndị na-abụghị ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nwere nkwenye na-ezighị ezi nke ndị na-edozi ahụ na-etinye onwe ha n'ime DNA na-emepe emepe. N'ime ime nke ahụ, agbụ DNA abụọ nwere ike ịmịpụ, a ga-egbochi ntinyeghachi.
Retrovir (zidovudine), Ziagen (abacavir), Sustiva (efavirenz) na Viread (tenofovir) bụ nanị ụfọdụ ndị na-emechi transcriptase ndị na-ejikarị agwọ ọrịa.
Mmekọrịta
Ka nje HIV wee kpoo usoro mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ nke ụlọ, ọ ghaghị itinye DNA ahụ dị ọhụrụ n'ime oghere nke cell. Ngwọrọgwu a na-akpọ ndị na -eme ihe nchịkọta nwere ike igbochi ihe mgbochi mgbochi site na igbochi enzyme mwekota nke a na-eji nyefee mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
Onye na-edozi (ratelgraviv), Tivicay (dolutegravir), na Vitekta (elvitegravir) bụ ihe atọ a na-etinye n'ime ndị na-emechi ihe.
Mgbakọ
Ozugbo mwekọrịta dị, nje HIV ga-arụpụta ihe owuwu protein nke ọ na-eji iji kpọkọta nje ọhụrụ. Ọ na-eme ya na protezy enzyme, nke na-amịpụta protein n'ime obere obere ma mesịa kọwaa iberibe ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nke ọhụrụ, mejupụta nje HIV.
Otu klas nke a na-akpọ ndị na-emechi protease nwere ike igbochi usoro mgbakọ . Tbese gụnyere ọgwụ ndị dị ka Prezista (darunavir) na Reyataz (atazanavir).
Maturation na Budding
A na - ezukọta otu n'ime ụmụ nje, ha na - agafe na njedebe ikpeazụ nke ndị na - eto eto na - eto eto sitere na sel onye ọbịa.
Ozugbo a tọhapụrụ ha n'enyefeghị onwe ha, ndị a na-aga n'ihu na-agbanye ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ ma maliteghachi usoro mgbapụta ọzọ.
Enweghị ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ike igbochi usoro ọmụmụ na ntozu .