Ike nwere ike na Autism World
Andrew Wakefield bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese okwu na mba autism. Nnyocha ya banyere ajụjụ ma ma ọ bụ ọgwụ Mumps-Rubles (MMR) nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ọrịa nke autism emeela nnukwu ọgba aghara na obodo autism. N'agbanyeghi na akwukwo ihe omumu nke akwukwo banyere akwukwo a bu ihe akwukwo ahu bu The Lancet, Wakefield na echiche ya na-abia ike n'uwa autism.
Dr. Wakefield bụ ọkachamara banyere nkà mmụta sayensị na dọkịta na-awa ahụ nwere mmasị pụrụ iche maka ọrịa ndị na-adịghị mma. A mụrụ ya na Britain n'afọ 1957, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Canada ma ghọọ dọkịta na Royal Free Hospital na London.
Ná mmalite nke ọrụ ya, Wakefield nyere onyinye dị mkpa na ụwa ahụike mgbe ọ chọpụtara na ọrịa Crohn, bụ ọrịa ọrịa ụbụrụ ukwu, na-ebelata ọbara na eriri afọ. N'oge na - adịghị anya mgbe nchọpụta a gasịrị, Wakefield malitere ịbanye n'ime ajụjụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nje virus site na ọgwụ Mumps-Measles-Rubella nke na - eme ka ọbara na - erugharị ma na - eduga Crohn. Ọ bụ ezie na azịza nke ajụjụ a bụ "Ee e," o kwere omume na nje measles dị ka onye na-emerụ onwe ya maka nsogbu GI nọgidere na-amasị ya.
N'afọ 1995, otu ndị nne na nna bịakwutere Wakefield na-agwa ya na ụmụ ha enweghi ike ịgbaso ọgwụ mgbochi MMR.
Ha gwara ya ka o leba anya na o nwere ike ime ya, o di njikere ime ya. Ozizi ya: ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ vaccine mere ka ọnyá ahụ nwee ike ịmịnye ha, ụmụaka nwere ike ịzụlite "ọrịa nkwonkwo na-adịghị mma," na- eme ka o kwe omume na ndị na-edozi ahụ na-emerụ ahụ ka ha wee banye n'ụbụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na nke a mere, ọ malitere, ọ ga - abụrịrị na ọgwụ MMR kpatara ya.
N'afọ 1998, Wakefield na otu ndị ọrụ ibe ha bipụtara nnyocha nyocha nke jikọtara mgbaàmà na-afụ ụfụ na-egbuke egbuke n'ime ụmụaka iri abụọ na abụọ na ọgwụ mumps-measles-Rubella. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụike Britain bụ The Lancet, kwalitere usoro ịgba ọgwụ ogwugwu na UK, United States na gburugburu ụwa.
Ọtụtụ afọ gara aga, onye nta akụkọ bụ Brian Deer nke London Sunday Times malitere ịchọta Wakefield ma chọta ihe àmà nke esemokwu na mmasị na omume nke omume rụrụ arụ. N'oge na - adịghị anya mgbe Deer kwusịrị ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara, mmadụ iri n'ime ndị edemede 13 nke Wakefield jụrụ akwụkwọ ahụ. Na February 2010, Lancet nabatara mbipụta nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-adabere n'ihe gbasara nchebara echiche. Nke a gbasoro nyocha nke ogologo oge nke United Kingdom General Medical Council.
Ọ bụ ezie na a jụwo mbụ MMR / autism nnyocha ma ghara imegharị ya kpamkpam, ọ na-anọgide na-akwado usoro nke na-aga n'ihu na-ezo aka na ọgwụ dị ka ihe kpatara ihe kpatara nnukwu mmụba na ọrịa autism spectrum. Enweela ọtụtụ nde dollar iji dọọ ndị nne na nna aka ná ntị na o nwere ike ịbụ na ọgwụ na-emepụta autism, nakwa iji wuo "ịgba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" na United States na UK.
Wakefield, onye na-arụ ọrụ na Florida ma Texas, na-eguzo n'akụkụ ọrụ ya ma na-ekwusi ike na e mere nlezianya ya.
O di nkpa iburu n'obi na, maka nkwuputa ogwugwu ogwu na obodo autism, Wakefield n'onwe ya ekwugh i na nje ogwu MMR na-akpata autism. N'ezie, na saịtị Westfield's "Thoughtful House" na Texas, otu ajụjụ na-ajụ: Ndi Nchọpụta Ụlọ Nchọpụta chọpụtara na njikọ ọ bụla dị n'etiti ọgwụ nje MMR na autism? Azịza ya: Enweghị njikọ dị otú ahụ, ma nchọpụta n'ime njikọ nwere ike ịga n'ihu.
Isi ihe
BBC News. Profaịlụ: Dr Andrew Wakefield.
Amanda Gardner. Nnyocha nke Autism Achọpụtara site na Medical Journal. HealthDay. Feb 2, 2010.
Paul Offit, MD. Autism sitere na ndi amuma ugha: Science ojoo, oria ojoo, na ichu ogwu. Ụlọ ọrụ Columbia University Press: New York C 2008.
Ụlọ Echere Echetara.