Nkịtị, Mụbaa, na Mbelata V / Q Nsonaazụ
Mismatch V / Q bụ nkwarụ nke na-apụta n'ime ngụgụ nke ikuku ventilash (mgbanwe nke ikuku dị n'etiti ngụgụ na gburugburu ebe obibi) na perfusion (nsị ọbara site na ngụgụ) adịghị adaba na ya, ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ọrịa mkpọnwụ na-adịghị ala ala ( COPD ).
Ihe V / Q pụtara
Tupu ikwurịta ihe na-eme na mpụpụ V / Q, ọ dị mkpa ikwu kpọmkwem ihe V / Q pụtara:
- V na-anọchite anya ventilashion , ikuku nke na-eku ume site na imi na ọnụ, site na trachea, banye n'ọkụ, wee si na obere ntakịrị banye n'ime obere ọdụ ụgbọelu nke a maara dị ka alveoli ebe mgbanwe nke oxygen na carbon dioxide na-ewere ọnọdụ .
- Q na-anọchi anya nrugharị ma ọ bụ ọbara. Site na obi, deoxygenated ("ọbara ọbara ọbara") gafere site na akwara pulmonary (bụ nke dị ka veins n'ihi na ha nwere ọbara na-achọ oxygen) site na obere na obere arịa na n'ime capillaries (kachasị ọbara arịa) ebe oxygen na mgbanwe edozi na-ewere ọnọdụ.
Alveoli bụ obere ntakịrị ikuku, ọ bụ naanị otu cell thick. Na-esote alveoli bụ isi mkpuchi, obere ala arịa ọbara na ọ bụ naanị otu oghere. Nke a bụ ebe ebe mgbanwe nke oxygen na carbon na-ewere ọnọdụ na ngụgụ, dịka oxygen si na alveoli na-aga na capillaries, carbon dioxide na-esi na capillaries gaa na alveoli.
V / Q ma ọ bụ ventilashion / infusion na-ezo aka ọnụego nke ikuku nke ruru alveoli nke kewara site na ọbara nke na-esi na capillaries n'ime akpa ume.
Ịghọta Ebe Nwụrụ Anwụ
Ọ dị mkpa ka ị kọwaa "oghere nwụrụ anwụ." Nke a na-ezo aka na ebe ọ bụla alveoli na capillaries adịghị agbatị.
Ebe a nwụrụ anwụ nwere ike ịbụ:
- Oghere nwụrụ anwụ na Anatomical, nke bụ n'ihi nkwụsị nke ma ọ bụ ikuku ma ọ bụ ọbara, dịka nke na-egbochi ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ onye si mba ọzọ na-ekpughere n'ime ụgbọelu (igbochi ụgbọelu).
- Ọdịiche nke anwụ anwụ, nke na-eme mgbe ụlọ nke ikuku ụgbọelu ma ọ bụ arịa ọbara bụ ihe nkịtị, ma e nwere ihe ndị ọzọ mere alveoli na capillaries adịghị adaba dị ka ịhapụ ọbara site na otu mpaghara nke ngụgụ (igbochi imechi) .
N'ebe ndị nwụrụ anwụ, ị na-eweta ọbara na mpaghara ebe ọ na-enweghị ike ibute oxygen, ma ọ bụ na-ebute ikuku n'ime mpaghara nke na-enweghị ike iwepụ oxygen.
Ịnweta Ratio V / Q
Ejiri nha V / Q mee site nyocha abụọ. Iji tụọ ventilashọn, mmadụ nwere ihe nkpuchi kpuchie ihu ya na iku ume n'ime ikuku redio. Iji tụọ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, a na-inye protein protein redio n'ime vein. Mgbe ahụ, a na-atụle nsonaazụ nke ule abụọ a.
Kedu ihe bụ V / Q Mismatch Means
Ejighachi V / Q pụtara na na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke ngụgụ, alveoli na capillaries adịghị agbatị ma ọ bụ na e nwere ohere nwụrụ anwụ. Nke a nwere ike ịpụta na na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke nsị, enwere ọtutu capillaries karịa alveoli, na okwu ndị ọzọ, ebe dị na ngụgụ kachasị mma nke ọbara na-egbu karịa ventilated.
N'ebe ndi ozo, enwere ike inwe ihe ozo nke nwere okuku oxygen karia capillaries iji weputa ikuku oxygen. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ụfọdụ akụkụ nke ngụgụ nwere ike ịka mma karịa ka a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịkụda ya.
Ufodu uzo ozo na-emekarị, ma oburu na o karia ihe ufodu, o kpatara nsogbu. Gịnị mere V / Q ji egbochi nsogbu? Mismatch na V / Q bụ ihe kachasị kpatara hypoxemia na akụrụngwa kachasị akpata ọrịa iku ume.
Hypoxemia bụ okwu nke na-ezo aka n'ogo nke oxygen n'ime ọbara. Mgbe mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ anaghị enweta oxygen (ma bụrụ nke mebiri ma nwụọ) n'ihi hypoxemia, a na-akpọ ya hypoxia.
Mgbaàmà nke hypoxia nwere ike ịda mbà, mkpụmkpụ ume, mgbagwoju anya, ma ọ bụrụ na a naghị agwọ ya, ọnwụ.
Ihe kpatara V / Q Mismatch
Akwụsịghị V / Q nwere ike ime ihe ọ bụla nke na-emewanye ma ọ bụ na-ebelata ventilashion nke ngụgụ ma ọ bụ na-amụba ma ọ bụ na-ebelata nsị nke ngụgụ. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ihe ọbụla na - egbochi ike ikuku iji banye na alveoli, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla nke na - egbochi ọbara na - agafe na capillaries. Ihe abụọ a nwere ike imebi nkwụsịtụ n'etiti ikuku ventilashion na nsị.
Nkịtị, Mbelata, na Nkwukwo V / Q
Arịta V / Q nkịtị dị gburugburu 0.80. Nke a pụtara na 4 lita nke oxygen na-esi na ngụgụ kwa nkeji mgbe lita 5 gafere site na ngụgụ.
A na-eme ka ọnọdụ V / Q dị ala ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ventilashịa dị na ngụgụ ma ọ bụ mmụba dịkwuo (ka ọbara na-erugharị na ngụgụ). Ọnọdụ nke nwere ike ịkpata nkwụsị V / Q dabara:
- Ọrịa na-enweghị oge : Nchikota nke bronchospasm , ngwongwo ngwongwo, mbufụt, na ikpochapụ ụgbọelu niile na-agbakwụnye ka mmerụ ahụ na-akawanye njọ ma si otú ahụ belata ogo nke ikuku ventilation na nsị.
- Asthma
- Egwuregwu Pulmonary
- Ụgbọ njem ụgbọelu (ọchịchọ nke mba ọzọ)
Ọganihu V / Q mụbara na- eme mgbe enwere mmụba ma ọ bụ mmụba nke na-ebelata (ọbara na-asọba na ngụgụ.) A pụrụ ịhụ ọkwa dị elu nke V / Q na:
- Ngwọrọgwu nke Pulmonary: Ọkpụkpụ mgbagwoju anya bụ eriri ọbara n'ime akpa ume nke na-amalitekarị dịka eriri ọbara na ụkwụ nke na-agbaji ma na-agafe na ngụgụ. Ọ bụrụ na o buru ibu, clot nwere ike ịchọta arịa zuru oke nke ọbara nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịmịnye ọbara na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke anụ ọkụkụ na-ebute ikuku. Ya mere, V / Q na-aba ụba n'ihi na ventilashion (V) na-adị n'otu, ntanye ahụ (Q) na-agbada. Na nyocha V / Q, a ga-enwe ihe na-egosi na akụkụ ahụ nke ọkụ ahụ na-ekesa ọbara ahụ emetụtaghị na-efesa.
- Emphysema : Emphysema nwekwara ike ime ka ogo V / Q dị elu. Ebe ọ bụ na alveoli mebiri ma mebie na ngụgụ, ebe dị elu maka nnyefe nke oxygen na carbon dioxide na-ada. N'ihi ya, mmerụ ahụ, na-aga elu, na-eduga n'ọtụtụ V / Q dị elu.
Isi mmalite:
Jobse, B., McCurry, C., Morissette, M. et al. Mmetụta nke inflammation, Emphysema, na ịṅụ sịga nkwụsị na V / Q na Matu Ụdị Ọkụ Enwu. Nnyocha nke iku ume . 2014. 15:42.
National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus. Mgbukpọ nke Pulmonary / Perfusion Iṅomi. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003828.htm.