Ọrịa ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-anọgide na-abụ isi ihe na-akpata ọrịa na ọnwụ na ndị nwere nje HIV, ebe a na-ahụkarị ọrịa ndị dị elu ma ọ bụ nsogbu. N'etiti ọrịa ndị na-adọrọ adọrọ na-adọrọ adọrọ nke a na-ejikọkarị ya na nje HIV :
- Oral na esophageal candidiasis (thrush)
- Cryptococcosis (gụnyere cryptococcal meningitis)
- Historyoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis (Ndagwurugwu Ndagwurugwu)
A chọpụtawo ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ (gụnyere aspergillosis, penicillosis, na blastomycosis), ọtụtụ mgbe na ndị nwere CD4 dị nde karịa sel 250 / mL.
E nwere ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-ejikarị eme ihe banyere ọrịa nje ndị metụtara nje HIV. A na-ejikọta ọgwụ ndị ahụ site na usoro ọrụ ha kpọmkwem, a pụkwara ịkụda ya n'ime ìgwè izugbe anọ:
Mbụ Antifungals Polyene
Mgbochi polyene na-arụ ọrụ site n'imebi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke akpụkpọ anụ ahụ, bụ nke na-eduga ná ọnwụ cell. Ihe ngwongwo polyene kachasị na - ejikarị mee ihe na HIV bụ:
- Amphotericin B : A na-ejikọta ya na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ahụ dum (ahụ dum) na-efe efe dị ka cryptococcal meningitis. Mgbe a na-eme ihe na-emekarị, amphotericin B maara na ọ nwere mmetụta dị oke njọ, mgbe mgbe ọ na-enwe nnukwu mmeghachi omume nke na-ewere ọnọdụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe infusion (dịka, ọkụ, ụfụ, ịgba aghara, ọgbụgbọ, vomiting, isi ọwụwa, na nkwonkwo mgbu / nkwonkwo). Dika odi otua, ochichi nke amphotericin B na egosiputa na ndi mmadu na-aria oria. A na-eji usoro ọgwụgwọ eme ihe maka ịgwọ ọgwụ ndị na-edozi ahụ, bụ nke na-adịghị ize ndụ maka iji ọgwụ ọjọọ na-adịghị ala.
- Nystatin : Ekenyere ma ọ bụ okwu ọnụ ma ọ bụ n'elu maka ederede dị elu, esophageal, na ọgwụ ndị na-agba ume. Enwere ike iji Nystatin dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ (preventative) na ndị ọrịa bu nje HIV nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ maka ọrịa fungal (CD4 nwere 100 sel / mL ma ọ bụ obere). Nystatin dị ka mbadamba, mouthwash, pastilles, powders, creams, na ointments.
II. Azifus Antifungals
Ngwongwo azole kwụsịrị njikọ nke enzymes dị mkpa iji nọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke akpụkpọ anụ ahụ, si otú ahụ na-egbochi ero 'ikike ịmalite. Mmetụta ndị a na-emekarị na-agụnye ọkụ ọkụ, isi ọwụwa, dizziness, ọgbụgbọ, vomiting, afọ ọsịsa, mgbawa afọ, na enzymes dị elu.
- Diflucan (fluconazole) : N'amaghị ama otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị kachasị edozi n'ụwa nile, a na-eji Diflucan maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa na-adịghị elu na ọrịa usoro, gụnyere candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, na coccidioidomycosis. Diflucan dị na mbadamba ụrọ, dị ka ntụ ntụ maka nkwusioru ọnụ, ma ọ bụ dịka ihe ngwọta na-adịghị ahụkebe maka iji ọgwụ mgbu.
- Nizoral (ketoconazole) : Nizoral bụ ọgwụ mbụ nke ọgwụ azole, ma a na-agbanye ya n'ụzọ ọzọ site na azoles ndị ọzọ nwere obere nsị na nsị nke ukwuu. Ọ dị na mbadamba ụrọ, nakwa dịka ngwa ngwa dị iche iche maka iji na-efe ọrịa fungal, gụnyere candidiasis.
- Sporanox (itraconazole) : A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe (dịka nyocha ma ọ bụ cryptococcosis) mgbe mgbochi ndị ọzọ adịghị arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Sporanox dị n'ụdị capsule ma ọ bụ dịka ngwọta oral (weere dị elu karịa usoro absorption na bioavailability). Enweghi ike ịmalite nkwonkwo n'ime ọgwụ na United States. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dị ntakịrị ka ọ na-abanye n'ime mmiri ọgwụ, ọ bụ Sporanox ka a na-ejikarị eme ihe mgbe ọ na-emeso maningitis cryptococcal.
Ndị ọzọ azoles na-eji na ọgwụgwọ nke opportunistic fungal nje bụ VFend (voriconazole) na Posanol (posaconazole).
III. Antimetabolite Antifungal
Enwere naanị otu ọgwụ antimetabolite (Ancobon) maara na ọ nwere ihe nkwonkwo, nke ọ na-arụ site na itinye aka na RNA na DNA njikọ.
- Ancobon (flucytosine) : Ejiri maka ịgwọ ikpe dị njọ nke candidias na cryptococcosis, Ancobon na-ejiri fluconazole na / ma ọ bụ amphotericin B na-eme ihe mgbe ọ na-eji ya eme ihe. Nchikota amphotericin B na Ancobon egosiwo na ha ga-enwe mmasi na nlekota nke meningitis cryptococcal. Ancobon dị n'ụdị capsule. Mmetụta ndị nwere ike ịgụnye nhụjuanya nke eriri afọ na ụfụ ọkpụkpụ (gụnyere anaemia). A kọọkwara na ịgba aghara, isi ọwụwa, mgbagwoju anya, nchịkwa, ịgba aghara, na ọrụ imeju dị elu.
IV. Echinocandins
A na-ejikwa ọrụ echinocandins na-arụ ọrụ ọhụrụ nke ọgwụ ngwongwo ndị ọhụrụ na ọgwụgwọ nke candidiasis na aspergillosis. Echinocandins na-arụ ọrụ site n'imebi okwu nke ụfọdụ polysaccharides na mgbidi fungal cell. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, echinocandins na-enye ntaramahụhụ dị nta na ole na ole na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ, ọ bụ ezie na ugbu a, a na-emekarị ka ndị ọrịa nwee nkwenye na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma. A na-enye mmadụ atọ ahụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla, na nchebe dị otú ahụ, nrụpụta ọrụ, na ịdị njikere.
- Eraxis (anidulafungin)
- Cancidas (caspofungin)
- Mycamine (micafungin)
Isi mmalite:
Marty, F. na Mylonakis, E. "Antifungal na-eji HIV." Nyocha ọkachamara Pharmacotherapy. February, 2002; 3 (2): 91-102.
Mei, H .; Kok, L .; Shariff, M .; et al. "Ntinye nke Antifungal maka Ọrịa Ohere Na-ebute Ọrịa na Ọrịa HIV: N'iji Ndaba nke Ịrụsi Ike na Nchebe." Akwukwo Igbo a. 2011; 2 (12): WMC002674.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). "Ntuziaka maka Mgbochi na Ịgwọ Ọrịa Ohere Na- ebute Ọrịa na Ọrịa HIV-Ndị Na-arịa Ọrịa na Ndị Na-eto Eto." Bethesda, Maryland; emelitere na September 27, 2013.