Hypothyroidism nwere ike ịzụlite maka ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, site na mberede autoimmune na thyroid gland (nke a na - akpọ Hashimoto's thyroiditis) iji nweta ọgwụ dị ka lithium. Hypothyroidism nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe mbụ na-egosi nsogbu nsogbu gọọmenti na-akpata.
Ịghọta "ihe mere" n'azụ nyocha nke hypothyroidism dị oké egwu iji na-aga n'ihu na atụmatụ nhazi.
Nke a bụ n'ihi na ebe ụfọdụ ndị nwere ike ịchọrọ ka ndị nọchiri anya ọgwụ mgbochi na-agbanwe ndụ, ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnwe ọnọdụ hypothyroidism (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkpụkpụ thyroiditis), kwesịrị ịkwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ, ma ọ bụ chọkwuo nyocha nchọpụta dị ka imacha nke gọọmenti pituitary.
Ihe kpatara ya
Hashimoto's thyroiditis bụ isi ihe kpatara hypothyroidism na United States.
Hashimoto si Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis bụ ọrịa autoimmune nke na-emetụta gị gland thyland gland. Na Hashimoto, nje nje na-eme megide protein na thyroid gland, na-eme ka njedebe nwayọọ nwayọọ gland onwe ya, na-eme ka ọ ghara ịmepụta hormones gịroid.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis dịkarịsịrị na ụmụ nwanyị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ime n'oge ọ bụla, ọ na-adịkarị ka ndị mmadụ tolite. Maka ụmụ nwanyị, Hashimoto na-etolite mgbe ọ dị ime, mgbe ọ gwụchara, maọbụ n'oge oge mụọ.
Ihe ndị ọzọ kpatara
E wezụga ọrịa Hashimoto, ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata hypothyroidism gụnyere:
Ịwa ahụ
Ndị nwere hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, ma ọ bụ ọrịa cancer thyroid nwere ike mkpa ịwa ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ewepụ ọrịa gwọọ gị n'ahụ, onye ahụ ga - abụ hypothyroid ma choro ọgwụ ndị na - agbanwe ya na ọgwụ ndụ.
Ọ bụrụ naanị na a ga-ewepụ akụkụ nke thyroid gland, enwere ohere dị mma na ọ ka ga-enwe ike ime ka hormone zuru ezu.
Mgbasa ozi
Kama ịwa ahụ ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ antithyroid, ụfọdụ ndị nwere hyperthyroidism na-emeso iodine redioactive, nke ga-ebibi gịroid gland, na-eme ka mmadụ hypothyroid. Ndị mmadụ na-aṅụ ọgwụ radiation maka lymphoma Hodgkin ma ọ bụ ọrịa kansa na olu na-enwekwa ihe ize ndụ maka ịmepụta hypothyroidism.
Thyroiditis
Thyroiditis akọwa thyroid gland mbufụt na bụ n'ozuzu okwu maka ọtụtụ thyroid ọnọdụ. Ọrịa Hashimoto (dị ka a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu) bụ ụdị ọrịa thyroiditis kachasị dịkarịsịa ma kpatara mwakpo autoimmune.
Ihe atụ ọzọ nke thyroiditis bụ subacute thyroiditis (nke a na-akpọkwa nke Quervain si thyroiditis), nke ekwenyere na nje kpatara ya. Site na ụdị thyroiditis a, mmadụ na-ahụ ọrịa hyperthyroidism nke hypothyroidism na-esote, na mgbakwunye na ụkwara oyi na-atụ gị.
Ụfọdụ ọgwụ
Ụfọdụ ọgwụ nwere ike ịkpalite hypothyroidism. Ndị ọgwụ ndị a gụnyere:
- Lithium
- Amiodarone
- Thionamides (ọgwụ antithyroid)
- Interferon-alpha
- Interleukin-2
- Ụfọdụ ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu (ndị na-eme ihe na-eme tyrosine kinase na ndị na-egbochi onye na-eme nchọpụta na-emetụta ihe nchịkwa)
Iodine Excess or Deficiency
Nnukwu iodine (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na mgbakwunye nri nke nwere kelp) nwere ike ime ma ọ bụ ka njọ hypothyroidism. Na mgbakwunye, ụda nke ayodiin, nke a na-ahụ n'ime ụfọdụ ndị nọ na mba ndị na-emepebeghị anya nwere ike ime ka hypothyroidism. Iodine dị mkpa maka mmepụta nke hormone thyroid, a na-ahụkwa ya na nri, dị ka nri ara ehi, ọkụkọ, anụ ehi, anụ ezi, azụ, na nnu iodized.
Mmiri Hypothyroidism
A na-amụ ụfọdụ ụmụ ọhụrụ na-enweghị glandroid or with only a partial thyroid gland. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị thyroid gland (ma ọ bụ ezughị) iji mepụta thyroid hormone, hypothyroidism amalite, nke dị njọ ma na-achọ ọgwụgwọ na a thyroid hormone mkpịsị.
Nsogbu Pitisitary Gland
Ọkpụkpụ pituitary dị n'ụbụrụ ma na - akpali ndị ọzọ glands n'ime ahụ, dị ka thyroid gland, ịhapụ hormone. Ọ bụrụ na ụbụrụ ụbụrụ, ụda mmiri, ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ ụbụrụ mebiri emebi, ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma iji gosipụta gị gland thyroid. Nke a nwere ike ime ka ị ghara ịjụ oyi. A na-akpọ ụdị hypothyroidism a ma ọ bụ hypothyroidism.
Ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa
Dịka ụfụ, ụfọdụ ọrịa, dị ka hemochromatosis, nwere ike ịdọrọ ihe ndị na - adịghị mma (ígwè, n'ihe banyere hemochromatosis) na gọọmenti pituitary gland, na - eme ka hypothyroidism dị n'etiti, ma ọ bụ na - adịkarịghị, ụbụrụ gị, nke na - akpata hypothyroidism.
E wezụga hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis nwere ike ime ka granuloma nyochaa na thyroid gland. Enwerekwa ọnọdụ a na - akpọkarị thyroiditis (ma ọ bụ Riedel's thyroiditis), nke anụ ahụ fibrotic na - anọchi anya anụ ahụ gị thyroiditis.
Genetics
DNA gị na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ọ na-abịa n'ịzụlite hypothyroidism autoimmune, nke a na-akwado ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu nchọpụta German nwere ọnụọgụ dị elu nke okpukpu iri abụọ na abụọ maka ịmepụta ụmụ gị na Hashimoto gị na ụmụ gị na-enwewanye ihe ize ndụ nke okpukpu abụọ na iri abụọ na ụmụ gị na ndị gị na Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Mgbe ị na-ahụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị metụtara Hashimoto, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtawo mmụba na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka ụmụ mmadụ na-agwọ ọrịa leukocyte (HLA), ndị na-anabata T-cell, na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ na-etinye aka na usoro ahụ.
Iji nwetakwuo ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ịmepụta Hashimoto's thyroiditis, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ọrịa Turner na Down syndrome, nwere elu karịa atụmanya a tụrụ anya na ọrịa autoimmune thyroiditis, karịsịa Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Ihe niile kwuru, ọ dị mkpa icheta na mkpụrụ ndụ gị bụ otu ihe na-enyere aka ịkọwa ihe ize ndụ nke ịmepụta hypothyroidism. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ (gburugburu ebe obibi) nke na-abanye n'ime egwuregwu, dịka afọ ime ma ọ bụ ịṅụ ọgwụ ụfọdụ.
N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụ njikọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe na-ebute gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekwupụta ihe ize ndụ pụrụ iche onye nwere maka ịmepụta hypothyroidism.
Ihe Ndị Na-akpata Ọdachi
Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmadụ nwekwuo ohere ịmepụta hypothyroidism gụnyere:
- Ịbụ nwanyị
- Ịbụ okenye
- Ịbụ onye na-eme ka ndị kọmnta ụka ma ọ bụ Asia
- Inwe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ezinụlọ Hashimoto's thyroiditis ma ọ bụ ọrịa autoimmune ọzọ
- Inwe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrịa autoimmune (dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweghị afọ ojuju, ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, ma ọ bụ ụdị ọrịa shuga 1)
- Ịdị ime ma ọ bụ oge ezumike
- Nnukwu nri ma ọ bụ obere iodine
- A na-emeso ya na redioactive iodine
- Enwetara radieshon n'olu ma ọ bụ igbe dị n'elu
- Na-agwọ gị ịwa ahụ
- A na-agwọ ya ụfọdụ ọgwụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, lithium maka ọrịa nkwụnye ọbara)
Ihe kpatara nsogbu
Na-akpali mmasị, r esearch na-atụ aro na selenium erughi nwere ike jikọtara na-emepe emepe Hashimoto si thyroiditis na hypothyroidism. Ọzọkwa, enwere nsogbu ndị isi ọwụwa, dị ka migraines, achọpụtawo na a ga - ejikọta ya na mmụba nke hypothyroidism, karịsịa na ụmụ nwanyị buru ibu.
Ọ ka na-ekwughị kpọmkwem otú ịṅụ sịga si emetụta ọrịa gwọọ gị, ọ bụ ezie na o yiri ka ọ dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi na sịga sịga na-eme ka ohere nke hypothyroidism na-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee ọgwụ gị na Hashimoto, nchọpụta ndị ọzọ na-enye echiche na ịṅụ sịga na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke hypothyroidism na ịdị elu nke hyperthyroidism.
> Isi mmalite:
> American Thyroid Association. (2013). Hypothyroidism: Akwụkwọ edemede maka ndị ọrịa na ezinụlọ ha .
> Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen Tl, Vatten LJ. Ugbo anwụrụ ise na-eme ka ịṅụ sịga na arụ ọrụ gị: ọmụmụ ihe nke ndị mmadụ. Arch Intern Med . 2007 Jul 9; 167 (13): 1428-32.
> Braverman, L, Cooper D. Werner & Thygbar's Thyroid, Edition nke 10. WLL / Wolters Kluwer; 2012.
> Carle A et al. Akwụsịsị ịṅụ sịga na-esochi elu ma ọ bụ na-agafe agafe na mberede nke ọrịa hypothyroidism na-enweghị isi - nchọpụta nke njikwa, nke na-achịkwa. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2012 Nov; 77 (5): 764-72.
> Dittmar M, Libich C, Brenzel T, Kahaly GJ. Nwekwuo ezinụlọ clustering nke ọrịa autoroid nke autoimmune. Ọnyà Mmiri Re s. N'afọ 2011, 43 (3): 200-4.
> Garber JR et al. Usoro nlekọta ọgwụgwọ maka hypothyroidism na ndị okenye: nkwado nke American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists na American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract . 2012 Nov-Dec; 18 (6): 988-1028.
> Lisotto C, Mainardi F, Maggioni F, Zanchin G. Ihe na-eme n'etiti migraine na hypothyroidism. Ọrịa Headache. 2013; 14 (Ngwa 1): P138.
> Martin AT et al. Ọrịa isi ọwụwa nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị ize ndụ maka mmepe nke mmalite mmalite hypothyroidism. Isi ọwụwa. 2017 Jan; 57 (1): 21-30.
> Lelo A, Moroni L, Caliari L, Invernizzi P. Nchekwa onwe na Turner si syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 2 012 Mee; 11 (6-7): A538-43.
> Wu Q et al. A na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme ka ọnụọgụ okpukpu abụọ nke ọrịa ọrịa thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol. Metab . 2015 Ọhụị; 100 (11): 4037-47.