Ihe mere okwu gị nwere ike bụrụ nnukwu nsogbu HIV

Obodo United States na Ọnụ Ọrịa Kasị Elu na Nke Kasị Mkpụrụ

Ihe ize ndụ nke nje HIV bụ naanị àgwà ndị na-etinye onye ọ bụla n'ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu ma ọ bụ nke dị nta iji nweta (ma ọ bụ ịgafe) nje HIV . Anyị na-ewere nke ahụ nke pụtara otu n'ime ihe anọ:

• Okpukpe mmadụ
• Mmekọahụ
• Mmekọahụ (dịka, mmekọahụ gbasara ntụrụndụ , ịkwa iko )
• Àgwà ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbawanye ma ọ bụ belata ohere nke ọrịa (dịka, condom , ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ , ọgwụgwọ antiretroviral )

Ihe kpatara nsogbu nke nje HIV abụghị ịkọ ma onye ga-ebute ọrịa; kama ha na-achọ ime ka mmadụ mara nje HIV ka o wee nwee ike ime ihe iji belata ihe ize ndụ. Ọbụna mgbe ụfọdụ ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe-dị ka agbụrụ ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ-ha nwere ike inyere anyị aka ikpebi ikpe ziri ezi na-adabere n'otú e si agbasa virus ahụ n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ anyị ma ọ bụ otu.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị ize ndụ anyị anaghị atụle mgbe niile, ma ọ dịkarịa ala na otu onye, ​​bụ otu ebe ị bi na-enwe mmetụta kpọmkwem banyere ihe ize ndụ gị nke nje HIV, ma n'ụzọ nkịtị ma n'ụzọ ntụgharị.

Ọrịa Urban Na-ahụ Maka Ọrịa Na-akpata Ọrịa AIDS

Ọrịa nje, ma ọ bụ nnukwu, bụ ọrịa obodo. A na-eleba ya anya na obodo ukwu ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ karịa 500,000, nke kachasị na obodo ndị nwere nsogbu ọ bụghị naanị na nje HIV ma na ọrịa ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na nsogbu nke ọrịa nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site n'otu mpaghara gaa na mpaghara, ọrịa ịda ogbenye na-ejikarị ịda ogbenye, enweghị ọrụ HIV, na ezughị okè ọha na eze na-agwọ ọrịa ahụ.

Na United States, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke nje HIV ọhụrụ nọ na South, bụ ebe pasent 18.5 nke 100,000 mmadụ na-ebute ọrịa. Nke a na - esochi ugwu ugwu (14.2) na West (11.2).

N'ịmawanye nchegbu, ụyọkọ nke itoolu nke na-agụnye South na-akọkwa pasent 40 nke ọrịa ọhụrụ ọ bụla n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ nanị pasent 28 nke ndị bi na United States.

Dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ maka Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC) si kwuo, ógbè ukwu ndị nwere nsogbu nje HIV kachasị elu (ya bụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọhụrụ na HIV) bụ:

1. Baton Rouge, Louisiana
2. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
3. New Orleans, Louisiana
4. Jackson, Mississippi
5. Orlando, Florida
6. Memphis, Tennessee
7. Atlanta, Georgia
8. Columbus, South Carolina
9. Jacksonville, Florida
10. Baltimore, Maryland
11. Houston, Texas
12. San Juan, Puerto Rico
13. Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida
14. New York City-Newark-Jersey City, New York-New Jersey
15. Little Rock, Arkansas
16. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Maryland-West Virginia
17. Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
18. Charleston, South Carolina
19. Las Vegas, Nevada
20. Los Angeles, California

Ihe osise a gbanwere mgbe ị na-ele nje HIV anya na obodo US. N'adịghị ka ọnụego nke ọnụọgụgụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-agwa anyị mmadụ ole n'ime 100,000 na-ebute ọrịa n'ime mpaghara obodo ukwu.

Obodo US nke nwere nje HIV kachasị elu (ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 100,000 bi) bụ:

1. Miami (1,046)
2. San Francisco (1,032)
3. Fort Lauderdale (925.8)
4. Philadelphia (881.9)
5. Obodo New York (859.7)
6. Baltimore (678.5)
7. New Orleans (673.3)
8. Washington, DC (622.8)
9. Newark (605.7)
10. Jackson, Mississippi (589.7)
11. San Juan, Puerto Rico (583.2)

1. West Palm Beach (579.4)
2. Baton Rouge (560)
3. Memphis (543.5)
4. Columbus, South Carolina (509.1)
5. Atlanta (506.6)
6. Los Angeles (465.2)
7. Orlando (460.7)
8. Jacksonville (451.4)
9. Detroit (410.7)

Otu esi azaghachi obodo nwere ike imewanye, belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nje HIV

Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na nje HIV na-apụtachaghị na ọnụọgụ ọhụrụ nke ọrịa ọhụrụ. Ọbụna n'obodo ndị nwere ụfọdụ n'ime nje kachasị elu nke nje HIV, nzaghachi nke ahụike ọha na eze nwere ike ibelata ohere nke ịga n'ihu.

Were San Francisco, dịka ọmụmaatụ, obodo nke zara ọrịa ahụ site na ịghọ onye mbụ na-akpọ maka nyocha na ọgwụgwọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2010.

N'agbanyegh i na enwere nje HIV kachasi elu na United States, mmeghachi omume nke obodo ahụ mere ka o daa n 'oria ohuru ohuru, na-egbu obere oge nke nani iri abuo abuo na abuo n'afo 2015. A kwenyere na ojiji nke HIV PREP -emepụta prophylaxis) nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbụna n'ihu.

N'aka nke ozo, enweghị mmeghachi omume nwere ike ime ka ntiwapụ gbasaa ọbụna na obere, obodo ndị na-abụghị obodo. Anyị hụrụ nke a na 2015 n'obodo Austin, Indiana (ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 4,295), bụ ebe a na-akọ ihe karịrị 100 ọrịa HIV n'etiti ndị na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ bụ ndị kesara kọlịị mgbe ha na-aṅụ ọgwụ oxymorphone. Akuku a bu na otutu ndi mmadu amachibidoro iwu onodu nzuko onodi azu (NEPs) iji gbochie oria ojoo.

Ọ bụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya, mba ndị nwere ụfọdụ n'ime nje HIV kachasị elu bụ ndị na-egbochikwa NEP (gụnyere Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas), na nke a n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma sayensi na-egosi NEPs irè iji gbochie ọrịa ọbara nnyefe.

N'otu aka ahụ, ụbụrụ ndị na-adịghị anabata mgbasa ozi Medicaid, bụ ndị e mere iji nye ndị nlekọta na-adịghị ala ego nlekọta ahụike, so n'etiti ndị nwere nje HIV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas).

Dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ego na Ụkpụrụ Ntube, Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Medicaid na-enye ndị bi na nje HIV ohere ka ukwuu ọ bụghị naanị ọgwụgwọ ma na-egbochi ọrịa nlekọta ahụike.

Na steeti Massachusetts, dị ka ihe atụ, usoro nlekọta ahụike zuru oke gbasaa nje HIV na ọgwụgwọ na pasent 91 nke ndị bi na HIV, na-ebelata ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ na ọrịa nlekọta ahụ ike nke HIV site na $ 1.5 ijeri.

N'ụzọ dị iche, steeti alabama ga-ewere pasent 25 nke atụmatụ ADAP (AIDS Assistance Programme) na ego ego obodo 2011-ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịbanye na ihe omume ahụ ike ọha na eze ebe pasent 81 nke ndị ADAP nọ na Medicaid.

A gwara ha na, ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị na-enweghị ego na ndị na-enweghị ego na-ebi na nje HIV na-ebi na steeti ndị jụrụ nkà mgbasa ozi Medicaid. Ọtụtụ na-ekwenye na nkwụsị na-aga n'ihu na mmeba na-enye ndị kachasị mkpa - n'etiti ha, ndị Africa na ndị America na ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke na ndị ikom bisexual-na ọbụna ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu nke ọrịa, ọrịa, na ọnwụ.

Obodo ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke nje HIV

Dị ka CDC si kwuo, njupụta nke nje HIV n'ime agbata obodo ndị dị na United States na-agba ọsọ gburugburu 112.1 ikpe kwa 100,000. N'ime obodo 107 dị na akụkọ ya nke afọ 2015, naanị isii dara n'okpuru ebe a:

1. Boise, Idaho (71.7)
2. Rapid City, Michigan (100.1)
3. Fayetteville, Arkansas (108.8); Madison,
4. Wisconsin (110)
5. Ogden, Utah (48.6)
6. Provo, Utah (26.9)

N'ụzọ dị iche, obodo 10 nke US nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ala nke nje HIV ọhụrụ bụ:

1. Provo, Utah
2. Spokane, Washington
3. Ogden, Utah
4. Boise, Idaho
5. Modesto, California
6. Nke kacha njọ, Massachusetts
7. Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
8. Madison, Wisconsin
9. Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
10. Knoxville, Tennessee

> Isi mmalite:

> Ụlọ Ọrụ Ahụ Ike America. "Ọnọdụ Mmekọrịta Mkpa" na Ọnọdụ Nchịkwa US. " JAMA. March 2016; 18 (3): 252-257.

> Ụlọ ọrụ maka ego na usoro iwu. "Medicaid ga-emeziwanye uru, ụgwọ dị ala maka ndị nwere nje HIV." Washington, DC; bipụtara na October 11, 2012.

> Ụlọ Ọrụ maka Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa. (2015) Nyocha onyunyo HIV, 2014 (Mpịakọta nke 16). Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.

> Snider, J .; Juday, T .; Romley, J .; et al. "Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 60,000 ndị na-enweghị ego na ndị na-enweghị ego ndị nwere ọrịa HIV / AIDS na mba ndị na-adịghị amụbawanye Medicaid." Ahụike. March 2014; 33 (3): 386-393.