A na-ele ụdị ọgwụ ọjọọ dị iche iche dịka ọgwụ nje, NSAIDs, na Statins
Klas nke ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ọgwụ bụ otu ọgwụ nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ, nwee ụdị nrụpụta yiri nke ahụ, ma ọ bụ eji agwọ ọrịa ahụ. N'ime ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, onye nlekọta ahụike gị na-achọ ọgwụ a kapịrị ọnụ nke kachasị mma maka ọnọdụ gị. Klaasị bụ otu akụkụ na ọgwụ nwere ike ịpụta na karịa otu ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu ma ọ bụ jiri ọnọdụ dị iche iche mee ihe.
Ndị a bụ ihe atụ nke ọtụtụ klas ndị nkịtị.
Ọgwụ nje
Ngwọrọgwu bụ ọgwụgwọ eji agwọ ọrịa nke bacteria kpatara. Ụfọdụ ndị a na-edekarị ọgwụ nje bụ ndị na-egbu egbu na Zithromax (azithromycin). A pụrụ inweta ọgwụ nje sitere na oghere ndị na-emekarị nke na-egbochi uto nje. Ha nwekwara ike ịmepụta ha. E nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje dị iche iche gụnyere ndị na-esonụ:
- Beta-lactams, dị ka penicillins, cephalosporins, na carbapenems, nke na-egbochi mgbidi mgbidi cell
- Ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi njikọ protein, dị ka macrolides, tetracyclines, linezolid, na lincosamides
- Mgbochi nke na - egbochi ihe mgbagwoju anya, dika trimethoprim na sulfonamides
- Ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi nje bacterial nucleic acid, dịka quinolones na rifampin
N'ikpeazụ, ọgwụ nje nwere ike ịbụ bacteria ma ọ bụ bacteriocidal. Ngwá nje bacteria na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ sel na ụda kwụsị.
Ngwá nje nje bacteria na-egbu nje bacteria ozugbo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, rifampin bụ ọgwụ bacteria bụ ọgwụ nje nke na-egbochi njikọta protein pụrụ ịbụ bacteriocidal ma ọ bụ bacteriostatic.
Ndị na-ekpo ọkụ
Ndị na-agwọ ọrịa na-agwọ ọrịa na-eji ọgwụgwọ nke ịda mbà n'obi. Ụfọdụ na-edekarị ọgwụ antidepressants bụ Lexapro (escitalopram) na Zoloft (sertraline).
A na-eche na ha ga-arụ ọrụ site n'ịgbanwe otú kemịk na ụbụrụ a na-akpọ ndị na-agbapụ na-achịkwa ọnọdụ. A na-esote ha site na nke neurotransmitter ha na-emetụta nakwa n'ụzọ ha si eme ya.
- Ndị na-eme ihe na-eme ka ndị na-eme ihe nchịkwa serotonin (SSRIs): Gụnyere Prozac (fluoxetine). Ndị ọgwụ ọjọọ a na-enyere aka ibuli mgbaàmà nke serotonin.
- Ndị na-eme ihe nkedo nke nropinefrine srotonin (SNRIs): Na-agụnye Effexor (venlafaxine). Ndị ọgwụ ọjọọ a na-enyere aka ibuli mgbaàmà nke norepinephrine.
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Na-agụnye Elavil (amitriptyline): ọgwụ ndị a na-eme ka ihe nrịba ama nke serotonin na norepinephrine na-emetụtakwa ndị ozi ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka mmiri, na-eduga ná mmetụta ndị dị na ya.
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Gụnyere Nardil (phenelzine). Mgbochi ndị a na-egbochi ahụ ka ọ ghara ịkụda ndị na-adịghị ahụ.
Ngwá ọgwụ na-egbochi ọrịa anti-inflammatory (NonAIroids) (NSAIDs)
Ngwá ọgwụ ndị na-adịghị egbochi ọrịa na-egbu egbu bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị nwere ọgwụ mgbochi, analgesic, na antipyretic (mgbochi ahụ). NSAID niile na - arụ ọrụ site na - egbochi enzyme cyclooxygenase ma na - ahụkarị na formulations n'elu-na-counter. Ihe atụ nke NSAID gụnyere ibuprofen na aspirin. Ọ bụ ezie na NSAID bụ maka akụkụ kachasị mma iji were, ha nwere mmetụta ọjọọ.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, aspirin na-ebutekarị ụfụfuru na ọnyá nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ ọbara ọgbụgba.
Opioids
Opioids bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị e nwetara site na opium. Opium na-egbute site poppy Papaver somniferum . Na mbu, a na-ejikarị ọgwụ na-agwọ ọrịa. Ihe omuma atu nke opioids gunyere codeine, heroin, na hydrocodone. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ọgwụ opioids niile, gụnyere meperidine, fentanyl, methadone, na butorphanol. A na-ejikọta opioids na ọgwụ aspirin ma ọ bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ihe mgbu (chere Vicodin ma ọ bụ Norco).
Opioids na-arụ ọrụ site na igbochi nkwụsị nke neurotransmitter nke a na-akpata nhụjuanya mgbu.
Opioids na-emekwa ka mmetụta dị nro ma ọ bụ nke na-atọ ụtọ. Iji mmegbu na ntụkwasị obi nke opioid aghọwo nsogbu na-arịwanye elu, na ọtụtụ ndị na-eji ụzọ mgbagwoju anya na ọgwụ opioids eme ihe. Ogbugbu opioid nwere ike igbu site na ịda mbà n'obi.
Iwu
Ụkpụrụ bụ ụdị ọgwụgwọ nke na-egbochi mmepụta nke cholesterol n'ime imeju na a na-eji agwọ ndị nwere cholesterol dị elu. Ụfọdụ na-edepụtakarị statins bụ Lipitor (atorvastatin) na Zocor (simvastatin).
Isi ihe
Albertson TE. Isi nke 119. Opiates na opioids. Na: Olson KR. eds. Egwu na Ọgwụ Mgbochi, 6e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Gasbarre CC, Schmitt SK, Tomecki KJ. Isi nke 230. Ọgwụ nje. Na: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. Eds. Ahụhụ Fitzpatrick na Medicine General, 8e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.