Otu mgbochi , nke a makwaara dị ka immunoglobin, bụ protein nke Y nke zoro ezo site n'ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha nke nwere ikike ịchọpụta ndị ọrịa (ndị na-efe efe) dịka nje na nje bacteria. Atụmatụ abụọ nke "Y" enwere ike ịbanye ma ọ bụ ọrịa ahụ ma ọ bụ cell na-egbu ya na mgbọrọgwụ pụrụ iche a na-akpọ antigine (nke a makwaara dị ka onye na-emepụta mgbochi).
N'ime ime otú ahụ, mgbochi ahụ na-emetụta ọrịa ahụ maka neutralization, ma ọ bụ site na igbu ya ma ọ bụ gbochie ya ịbanye na cell nwere ike, ma ọ bụ site na ịpịnye ndị na-edozi ndị ọzọ na-akwado ya gburugburu na -eripịa onye mwakpo na usoro a na-akpọ phagocytosis [site na Ancient Greek for " iri "(phagein) na" cell "(kytos)].
A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha nke a na-akpọ lymphocytes B, ma ọ bụ sel B. N'ime oge a na-akpọ prenatal (tupu a mụọ nwa) na usoro ọmụmụ nwa ọhụrụ (amụrụ ọhụrụ), a na-esi n'aka nne na-agafe nwa ahụ site na usoro a na-akpọ immunization ngwa ngwa. Site n'ebe ahụ, nwatakịrị ahụ ga-amalite iji aka ya na-emepụta ọgwụ nje, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-azaghachi otu antigen (nnwere onwe na-eme mgbanwe) ma ọ bụ dịka akụkụ nke mmeghachi omume na-adịghịzi anụ ahụ (nnwere onwe mberede).
Ụmụ mmadụ nwere ikike ịmịpụta ụdị ijeri ọrịa iri, nke ọ bụla na-agbachitere otu ụdị antigens. Ebe obibi antigen-ejide na mgbochi a na-akpọ paratope dị na ndụmọdụ nke "Y" na mkpọchi na saịtị na-akwado na antigen a na-akpọ epitope.
Mgbanwe dị elu nke paratope na-enye ohere nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ iji chọpụta otu ụdị antigens.
Ọrịa HIV na Antigens
Mgbe nje HIV na-apụta, a na-emepụta nje nje nje HIV na-eme ka ndị antigens dị n'ime izu ma ọ bụ abụọ nke ikpughe. A na-eme usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ na nzaghachi dị iche iche nke antigens: p24 antigen, nke bụkarị nke mbụ ịpụta; na gp120 na gp41 antigens, nke a na-ahụ n'elu nje ahụ.
Ozugbo oria, ọgwụ nje na-anọgide na-adịgide ndụ ma na-eme ka ọdịnala ọdịnala maka nje mgbochi nje HIV (gụnyere ọnụọgụ ahịa dị n'ime ụlọ ). Ihe nlekọta uzo nke ubochi nke ugbua enwere ike ichota nje nje HIV na p24 antigen, na-enye ngwa ngwa, nkwenye ziri ezi karị nke ọnọdụ mmadụ na HIV.
Isi mmalite:
Janeway, C .; Travers, P .; Walport, M .; na Shlomchik, M. Immunobiology, Nke 5th - Usoro Na-adịghị Eju na Ahụike na Ọrịa. 2001; Garland Science; New York City; ISBN-10: 0-8153-3642-X.
Nchịkwa nri na ọgwụgwọ US (FDA). "June 18, 2010, Akwụkwọ Nkwado - Na - ebubata nje Ag / Ab." Silver Spring, Maryland; nyere December 22, 2009.
Nchịkwa nri na ọgwụgwọ US (FDA). "FDA kwadoro ule nyocha ngwa ngwa iji mata ma nje HIV na 1 HIV / 1/2." Silver Spring, Maryland; a tọhapụrụ ya na August 8, 2013.