Mmiri Fluoride na Mmiri nke Mmiri Fluoridated na Thyroid Disease
A na-akọwa fluoridation mmiri dị ka mgbakwunye nke kemịkal fluoride nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe - nke bụ hydrofluorosilicic acid ma ọ bụ sodium silicofluoride - na mmiri, na-ebute igbochi ire ere ezé. A na-eme atụmatụ na pasent 70 nke mmiri dị na United States nwere mmụba. Nke a dịka ọdịiche dị n'etiti mba ndị mepere emepe, gụnyere Japan na ọtụtụ ndịda n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe, bụ ndị na-enweghị usoro mmemme fluoridation.
Mmiri nke mmiri mmiri dị na United States aghọwo ihe na-ekwusiwanye ike na ọha na eze na mpaghara ụfọdụ, na arụmụka siri ike na-ewere ọnọdụ na obodo ndị na-atụle mmụba, na ụfọdụ, ndị na-eme mgbalị na-agbalị ịkụghasị usoro mmemme nke ọmụmụ.
N'akụkụ otu nke okwu a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-emepụta ihe - tinyere ndị ọkachamara ezé na ndị ọrụ ahụike ọha na eze - bụ ndị na-ekwusi ike na mmiri fluoridation nke mmiri na-adịkarị mma. Ọnọdụ ha bụ na mmiri mmiri fluoridation - tinyere iji fluothide toothpaste na ọnụ rinses - nwere ike ibelata belata nke cavities. (1) Dị ka American Dental Association (ADA) si kwuo, mmiri fluoridation na-ebelata ire ere ezé site pasent 20 ruo 40. Ndị na-akwado ụbụrụ na-ekwu na naanị ihe ọjọọ dị njọ nke fluoridation bụ ihe ize ndụ nke fluorosis eze, nchọpụta nke enamel ezé nke na-eme na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ikpughe na fluoride, ọ bụghịkwa ahụike ahụ, ọ bụ naanị ihe ịchọ mma.
A na-eme atụmatụ ọgwụ na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị dị afọ 6 ruo 49. (3) A na-amụba njikọ n'etiti ọkwa fluoride na fluorosis, iji chọpụta ihe ọkwa nke mmịnye fluoride ga-ebelata ma ọ bụ wepụ mmetụta a. N'afọ 2006, otu kọmitii nke National Research Council nke mmadụ iri na abụọ na-atụ aro ka a gbadaa ọkwa kachasị mita 4 mg / L na mmiri.
N'ikpeazụ, Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ nduzi kachasị elu nke 1.5 mg / L nke fluoride na mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ka ụzọ isi zere fluorosis. (4)
Ndị na-emegide nke fluoride na-ekwu na uru nke fluoride karịrị ndepụta nke ihe ize ndụ ahụike nke na-agafe karịa ọgwụ. Ha na-ekwu na uru bara ụba nke agha na-aba uru na-arụ ụka, na nchọpụta ahụ enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya (ma ọ bụ ọbụna mebiri ya site n'aka ndị ọrụ ahụike). Ndị iro ahụ na-ekwupụtakwa na njedebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nchịkwa na-ebute site n'ichepụta n'elu na na ingestion nke fluoride adịghị mkpa. Ha na ekwu na enweghi ike izere ikpochapu oke mgbe fluoride di na mmiri ma na ikpuchi oge na-enye ohere ka fluoride chịkọta n'ime ahụ, ebe ọ nwere ike imebi ụbụrụ, IQ dị ala, nwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma, na imebi ọkpụkpụ, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ mmetụta ahụ ike. (5)
Otu n'ime nsogbu kachasị esemokwu bụ mmetụta nke fluoride na gland thyroid. Ọtụtụ ndị amaghị na na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20, a na-eji fluoride eji ọgwụgwọ eme ihe dị ka ọgwụ na-eme ka ị na-egbu ọgwụ , iji mee ka ndị ọrịa hyperroid oyi kwụsị . A chọpụtara na mmiri fluidide dị irè n'ịkwụsị ma ọ bụ belata ọrụ oyi na-arụ, dịka nyocha, na mkpa dị mkpa iji belata ọrụ thyroid bụ ala - 2 ruo 5 mg kwa ụbọchị n'elu oge.
(6)
Ndị na-emegide mmiri fluoridation na-echegbu onwe ha na ọkwa nke fluoride eji agwọ ọrịa thyroid na- adị n'otu mgbasa ozi (1.6 ruo 6,6 mg / ụbọchị) nke a na-eme atụmatụ na ndị bi na mpaghara nwere mmiri mmiri.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ọmụmụ anaghị achọpụta njikọ ọ bụla n'etiti fluoride na ọrịa thyroid, nchọpụta ndị ọzọ (7) achọpụtawo na fluoride nwere ike ime ka mgbanwe dị na thyroid, gụnyere
- belata T3 ọkwa
- ọkwa TSH dị elu
- akpọnwụ nke na-eme ka gị na ya dịkwuo ibu
Gịnị Kwesịrị Ime Ndị Na-arịa Ọrịa Na-eme?
Arụmụka a na - enwe banyere mmụba ọkụkụ nwere ihe karịrị afọ 50 ma yikarịrị ka ọ ga - anọgide n'ọdịnihu.
Na nmuta mpi na nchoputa ihe omuma na uzo abuo, o doro anya na mkparita uka banyere mmuta ihe banyere oria ojoo ga-aga n'ihu ruo iri afo iri na abia, dika ndi okachamara n'akuku abuo nke ihe iseokwu banyere nyocha nke kwadoro onodu ha.
Ka ọ dịgodị, gịnị kwesịrị thyroid ọrịa na-eme?
Dị ka nmalite, ị nwere ike ịmara. Maka ozi pro-fluoride, ihe dị mma bụ ebe American Dental Association's Fluoride and Fluoridation page. Otu n'ime ihe kachasị mma maka ozi gbasara mmegide nke fluoridation bụ Fluoride Action Alert, nke Dr. Paul Connett na-eduzi.
N'ezie, ndị ọrịa na-agwọ ọrịa nwere nhọrọ ịgbaso ADA na Ụlọ Ọrụ maka Nchịkwa Ọrịa (CDC), ma na-anọgide na-eri mmiri fluoridated , na-ejikwa ọgwụ ndị na-edozi ahụ.
Ma ọ dịkarịa ala, ọ dị mkpa ka ị mara ihe ịdọ aka ná ntị CDC megide iji ihe eji eme ka nwa ọhụrụ mejupụta mmiri mmiri. Dị ka CDC si kwuo, ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ ihe na-enye nri nke nwata, "enwere ike ịbawanye ohere maka nrịanrịa ahụike dị nro. Iji belata ohere a, ndị nne na nna nwere ike iji mmiri mmiri na-agba mmiri dị ala na-esote oge iji kpoo ụmụ ọhụrụ; a na-akpọ mmiri ndị a na-akpọ mmiri mmiri dị ka ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị e mere ka ha dị ọcha, ndị e mere ka ha dị ọcha, ma ọ bụ ndị a kwụsịrị. " (8)
I nwekwara ike ịchọpụta oke fluoride dị na mmiri gị. Ntughari aka na CDC nchekwa data, Fluoride Finder , nwere ike inyere gị aka ikpebi ọkwa ogo na mpaghara gị.
Nye ndị chere na nchegbu ndị iro na-ebute dị irè, Richard Shames, MD, onye edemede nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na ọrịa thyroid , na dọkịta na-ejikọta Harvard kwuru, sị:
Anyị maara na 4 ma ọ bụ 5 mg kwa ụbọchị fluoride dị oke, ma nsogbu bụ na ọ dịghị onye maara otú ndị mmadụ na-enweta n'ezie. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ ma na-aṅụ nnukwu mmiri, na-asa ahụ mgbe niile, na-egwu mmiri na ọdọ mmiri, wdg. Nzọụkwụ mbụ ị ga-eme bụ ịkwụsị ịṅụ mmiri fluoridated. Ị ga-achọ ihe kariri ọkọlọtọ carbon nwere ike ịchọta mmiri maka nzube a. Kama nke ahụ, ị ga-achọ ka ọkpụkpụ osmosis ma ọ bụ distillation agbanwe. M na-atụ aro na onye na-adịghị ahụ ọkụ, bụ nke na-adị mfe ịnweta na nlezianya anya na ụlọ ahịa nri ahụ. Aghọtara m na ọ ga-ekwe omume na ụmụaka ndị na-adịghị eji fluoride nwere ike ịnwekwu oghere, mana nke a apụtaghị na afọ ojuju ọ bụla. Enwere m onwe m na abamuru nke fluoride, ọbụna maka ụmụaka, enwewo nsogbu, na ihe ize ndụ ndị dị ntakịrị. Nye ndị chere na ọ dị ha mkpa iji ngwaahịa ezighi ezi maka ezé ụmụ ha, dị ka ọ dị ọtụtụ ihe metụtara ahụ ike, njedebe bụ isi. Jiri ya jiri nlezianya na nlekọta nke ọma, ma ghara ikwe ka ụmụ ha kpoo ngwaahịa ndị nwere fluoride.
Isi ihe
(1) Petersen, P. et. Al., "Iji ojiji nke fluorides mee ihe iji gbochie mgbochi ọrịa ndị eze na narị afọ nke 21: Òtù WHO na-abịaru nso," Dentistry Community and Oral Epidemiology , Nkebi nke 32, Nke 5, peeji nke 319-321, October 2004,
(2) American dentental Association, "Flouride & Fluoridation," Akwụkwọ akụkọ, www.ada.org
(3) Beltrán-Aguilar, E. et. al. "Ọganihu na Ọdịdị Nkà Mmụta Ọkụ na United States, 1999-2004," NCHS Data Brief, Number 53, November 2010, Online
(4) Fab D, "Echiche abuo banyere fluoride". American Scientific American 298 (1): 74-81. Jenụwarị 2008
(5) Connett, Paul, "50 Ihe Mere A Ga - eji Guzogide Njide, September 2012," Fluoride Action Network, Online
(6) Galletti P, et. al. 1958. "Mmetụta nke fluorine na thyroidal iodine metabolism na hyperthyroidism Journal nke Clinical Endocrinology," 18 (10): 1102-1110. 1958
(7) Susheela AK, et al. "Ntufe nke fluoride na ihe omimi ihe omimi nke umuaka ndi bi na New Delhi, India." Fluoride , 38: 98-108. 2005. Council National Council Council. "Fluoride na mmiri ọṅụṅụ: nyochaa sayensị nke ụkpụrụ EPA." National Academies Press, Washington DC 2006.
(8) "Nzuzo: Ụdị Nwa na Ntanye," Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa, Online